India s Largest Institute For Supply Chain Management Essay

Institute for Supply Management, INDIA (ISM-INDIA) situated in Gurgaon (Delhi-NCR), which have many chapters in major, cities of India. ISM-INDIA is affiliated to Institute for supply management in the USA which is the world’s largest institute for supply chain management. The main aim of cooperation is to provide opportunities for the promotion of supply management professions and expansion of skills and knowledge of professionals. ISM-INDIA works with many MNC’s, major companies and public sector of India in professionalizing supply management activities. As per definition supply chain management is the management of different stages of all business activities and processes which is necessary to manage demand and supply on a global scale. The commodity is passing through various stages i.e. from supplier to manufacturer to wholesaler to retailer to consumer to the end customer. With the increasing of globalization of business, uncertainty of supply networks and shortening of product life cycles have forced the organizations to look beyond the collaboration with supply chain partners. It also involves procurement of raw materials, manufacturing and distribution management of finished goods.SCM is the art of proving the right product, At the right time, At the right place, and At the right cost to the customer. New challenges for organizations all over the world are the interplay of three C’s namely, customers, competition, and convergence. Consumers have becomeShow MoreRelatedPursuing and International Career in Logistics and Supply Chain Management1924 Words   |  8 PagesI am Chandan Kumar Gupta from Kathmandu, Nepal, presently employed with Tata Motors Ltd. as Manager in Purchase and Supply Chain department for past four years. 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Secondly, with the dismantling of import restrictions in the near future or it the rupee begins to gain ground then India may not continue to have the low-cost manufacturing advantage

Softdrinks Bad Influence for Our Bones, Teeth, and Body Weight Free Essays

Coca-Cola’s advertisements typically radiate happiness and refreshment. In one of its latest ads, it shows its product as a factory of happiness. Soda advertisements can be very effective in psychologically conditioning people to think that softdrinks are equal to a happy and beautiful life. We will write a custom essay sample on Softdrinks: Bad Influence for Our Bones, Teeth, and Body Weight or any similar topic only for you Order Now It sends a message that when people drink soda, they are drinking their way to a happier life. In reality, softdrinks wreak havoc to people’s health and lives. Sodas, as several scientific studies prove, are not good for us at all. Softdrinks may seem like a refreshing way to ease a hot day, but their short-term benefits cannot outweigh their long-term destructive effects. People should not drink softdrinks anymore, because of its bad influence on our bones, teeth, and body weight. Softdrinks drill cavities into our teeth. Poonam Jain, director of community dentistry at Southern Illinois University School of Dental Medicine says: â€Å"Soda eats up and dissolves the tooth enamel† (Kanigel). Jain examined several sodas by measuring their pH level, which is an indication of acidity. Water has pH of 7; sugar-sweetened sodas range at 2. 5; while diet sodas tally at 3. 2 (Kanigel). Jain stresses that soda’s acidity is even worse for our teeth than solid sugar in candy, because soda corrodes our teeth enamel, which hastens the tooth decay process by making it easier for bacteria to penetrate our teeth (Kanigel). A number of studies, including a University of Michigan investigation of dental checkup data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, back up that adults who imbibe â€Å"three or more sodas a day have up to 62% more decayed, missing, and filled teeth than those who drink less† (Kanigel). Softdrinks are good for sipping, and at times, it seems better to let the taste simmer in our mouth. People do not know that sipping soda actually makes it harder for their saliva to go back to neutral levels (Kanigel). Jain emphasizes that â€Å"This is particularly an issue for people who drink several sodas a day, because they never give their saliva a chance to neutralize† (Kanigel). Clearly, sodas destroy our chances for that beaming close-up smile. Softdrinks eat away our bones too. Several studies showed that softdrinks have been correlated to lower bone density. In the 1950s, children downed 3 cups of milk for every 1 cup of sugary drinks; now, it has been reversed, because children drink 3 cups of sweetened drinks for every cup of milk (Kanigel). A number of experts connect softdrinks with osteoporosis, because people drink milk less, when they drink more softdrinks (Kanigel). The study by Jean Mayer of the USDA Human Nutrition Research Center, on the other hand, does not find a connection between drinking softdrinks and drinking milk, although their study also shows that cola consumption decreases bone density for older women (Tufts University Health Nutrition Letter 1). Girls are also being negatively affected by sodas. In a study of 460 adolescent students in 2000, the Harvard School of Public Health discovered that â€Å"girls who drank carbonated soft drinks were three times as likely to break their arms and legs as those who consumed other drinks† (Tufts University Health Nutrition Letter 1). The study underscores that dark drinks seem to be more health-aversive than fruit-flavored drinks, because the study show that girls who imbibed colas were five times more prone to breaking their arms and legs in their adolescent years than girls who stopped drinking soda(Tufts University Health Nutrition Letter 1). Grace Wyshak, PhD, a biostatistician and the study’s primary researcher, suggests that something in colas hold back the body’s capability to use calcium (Tufts University Health Nutrition Letter 1). She is alarmed that this will make girls more susceptible to fractures and bone problems in later life (Tufts University Health Nutrition Letter 1). Indeed, sipping soda can be similar to chipping our bones away. Drinking sodas add up to our waistline. Olsen and Heitmann and Vartanian et al. review literature on the relationship between obesity and softdrinks. Majority of the studies prove that drinking sodas can be linked to obesity. Pereira also examines the evidence that links obesity and softdrinks. She concludes that several studies illustrate that there is a relationship between drinking sweet drinks like soda and higher body mass index. Marr also mentions studies that blame softdrinks for many children being obese or overweight. David S. Ludwig, MD, PhD, director of the obesity program at Children’s Hospital Boston agrees with Marr and states: â€Å"In my estimation, sugary beverages are one of the two leading environmental causes of obesity, perhaps second only to TV viewing in the magnitude of its effect† (Kanigel). In 2001, he and his peers at the Harvard School of Public Health provided strong evidence that linked obesity and softdrinks (Kanigel). They followed 548 teens for 19 months and discovered that teenagers who drank more sodas were more overweight than those who did not (Kanigel). Another study suggests that fructose in softdrinks can stimulate appetite, which makes it easier for people to get fatter (Kanigel). Softdrinks are fatteners. On the other hand, people who say that softdrinks is a cheap and easy way to feel refreshed want to defend their sodas. The reaction to this is that people can also drink cold water and feel refreshed. They can even drink lemon juice and dash it with honey, and they get less calories and fructose. Soda producers also assert that soda provides funding for many education programs. Yes, soda does that, but how about the bad influence of softdrinks? Childhood obesity cannot ethically fund education. Softdrinks are bad influence in many ways; they are bad for our bones, teeth, and weight. They increase risks for a number of health problems. They are not what they want to be- to bring happiness to people. How can people be in high spirits, when they have bone problems, tooth decay, diabetes, or they are overweight? The ads got it all wrong. Sodas can make people unhappy. Works cited Kanigel, Rachele. â€Å"It Raises Diabetes Risk And Robs Bone. It’s Wrecking Our Teeth. And It’s Making Us Fat. The Culprit? Soda. † Prevention 58. 10 (2006): 160-207. Marr, Liz. â€Å"Soft Drinks, Childhood Overweight, and the Role of Nutrition Educators: Let’s Base Our Solutions on Reality and Sound Science. † Journal of Nutrition Education Behavior 36. 5 (2004): 258-265. Olsen, N. J. and B. L. Heitmann. â€Å"Intake of Calorically Sweetened Beverages and Obesity. † Obesity Reviews 10. 1 (2009): 68-75. Pereira, M. A. â€Å"The Possible Role of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages in Obesity Etiology: A Review of the Evidence. † International Journal of Obesity 30 (2006): S28-S36. Tufts University Health Nutrition Letter. â€Å"Cola May Up Osteoporosis Risk for Older Women. † Tufts University Health Nutrition Letter 24. 11 (2007): 1-2. Vartanian, Lenny R. , Schwartz, Marlene B. , and Kelly D. Brownell. â€Å"Effects of Soft Drink Consumption on Nutrition and Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. † American Journal of Public Health 97. 4 (2007): 667-675. How to cite Softdrinks: Bad Influence for Our Bones, Teeth, and Body Weight, Papers

Expectancy Theory of Motivation

Question: 1: Describe how you would use Expectancy Theory in designing positions in flat and agile organizational structures. What are the advantages and disadvantages in using this theory in practice? 2: As a team leader, what could you do to help a multinational team work more effectively than a domestic team? What major problems might occur and how might you best handle them? 3: Publicly elected officials often display the leadership values and behaviors of their culture. Select two prominent world leaders and describe their behavior in cultural terms. 4: Choose a country you have never lived or worked in. Imagine that you have just been selected to become a new Managing Director in the country that you have selected a country in which your company has decided to open a new industrial complex. Neither you nor your company have ever worked in this country before. What would you do to motivate the employees from the foreign country to join your company and work hard once employed? 5: Compare and contrast Maslows, Hertzbergs and Alderfers motivational theories and indicate the benefits of each in structuring a compensation system for team that is international in nature.? Answer: Use Expectancy Theory for designing a flat and agile organization Expectancy Theory defines that individuals would decide for behaving or acting in a certain manner as they are motivated for selecting a specific behavior on others. This is due to what they expect a selected behavior to be like. It can be ideal when it comes to managing employees within an organization. As a leader one needs to motivate the employees by acting in a desired manner and leading by example. Getting inspired from the leader, the employees would be motivated to work in the expected direction to achieve the goals and objectives of the organization (National Forum 2011). Advantages Disadvantages Offers a framework for thinking regarding the manner in which people make choices based on the expectations Allows to account for the differences in choice among people (IRJBM 2014) Perceptions regarding efforts, value and performance is difficult for qualifying for comparisons among different choices which means the use of expectancy theory framework might not be accurate. Rewards might not be directly connected for efforts and performance. At some places rewards like raises could build the contract depending on factors such as education (National Forum 2011). Approach as a leader of multinational team and working more effectively In order to manage a multinational team it requires a manager to be well equipped with the needs and wants of the employees separately. In a domestic environment the expectations and knowledge levels of the employees are usually similar which is not true in case of a multinational team. Some of the challenges which might come when handling a multinational team for a leader are: Communication: Communicating the right message is very important when it comes to getting the work done from team members. In a multinational environment, leaders would find it challenging to interpret the message to different class of individuals as they would need different approaches on most occasions (Russell Reyonds 2010). Trust: Building trust among the team and reliability for the leader is quite difficult as it takes time till when each start to understand each other and the way they operate. Diversity: Multinational team comprises of individuals from several countries which means diverse individuals from different cultures. A leader might have to face an issue to inspire all to work together especially when there are individuals from different cultures, mindsets and backgrounds (Russell Reyonds 2010). In order to handle them as a leader I would need to interact and discuss matters with different people both in groups and individually. Their suggestions and views would also need to be taken into consideration and given value to gain trust. Working as a Managing Director in India Working as a Managing Director in India requires understanding the local values and cultural traditions in order to gain trust and confidence of the employees. The social cultures and the level of emotional belonging to the jobs with respect to India is quite strong as per the studies and other researches and compared to the western countries. For motivating foreign employees to join the company and work in India, it would be essential to highlight the work opportunities that they could avail of in the country. Being a developing nation, there are several areas where the company is expanding and offers a great potential as a business to them. Supervising and working in tough conditions would enable them to work in the environment and get acquainted with the processes and build upon a career for future. Highlight would be the challenge, the resources, and the learning opportunities on offer (PWC 2005). Maslows, Hertzberg and Alderfers motivational theories All the three theories work towards creation of motivation for employees. These take a long time for acquiring the needs required for motivation. Also, each theory makes people to choose the needs or goals for motivating them (OU n.d.). The Maslows theory coincides with the Alderfers theory, where ALderfers is said to be loosely based on Maslows. If we compare Maslows and Hertzberg theory we would observe that the psychological and safety needs under Maslows theory are similar with the hygiene factors. On the contrary, the differences in these 3 theories include the aspect of 3 needs for Alderfers while there are 5 needs as per Maslows theory. Also, Hertzberg theory not only determines what are the elements which satisfies or dissatisfies motivated employees, but also points out the areas which dissatisfies them? All these theories offer a detailed description of the ways in which leaders could proceed and operate to facilitate an easier as well as motivated employee base (IVCC 2013) . References National Forum 2011, Expectancy Theory of Motivation: Motivating by Altering Expectations, retrieved on 11th May 2015 from https://www.nationalforum.com/Electronic%20Journal%20Volumes/Luneneburg,%20Fred%20C%20Expectancy%20Theory%20%20Altering%20Expectations%20IJMBA%20V15%20N1%202011.pdf IRJBM 2014, Victor Vrooms Expectancy Theory of Motivation An Evaluation, retrieved on 11th May 2015 from https://irjbm.org/irjbm2013/Sep2014/Paper1.pdf Russell Reyonds 2010, Building a Global A Team: Challenges for Asian Multinational Corporations, retrieved on 11th May 2015 from https://www.russellreynolds.com/sites/default/files/LeadershipandTalentBuildingaGlobalATeamAsianMNCs.pdf PWC 2005, Foreign Nationals Working in India, retrieved on 11th May 2015 from https://www.pwc.in/en_IN/in/assets/pdfs/foreign-nationals-working-in-india.pdf OU , Motivational Theories, retrieved on 11th May 2015 from https://www.ou.edu/faculty/M/Jorge.L.Mendoza-1/Motivation.pdf IVCC 2013, Human Motivation, retrieved on 11th May 2015 from https://www2.ivcc.edu/aleksy/Fall14/Fall14Mgmt/Plunkett10Ch12.pdf

The Moment that Changed My Life Essay Example For Students

The Moment that Changed My Life Essay Like every family, my family has always had ups and downs, happiness and sorrow. My family has always been united and a whole. Unlike other unfortunate children, my parents are together and have always shown my siblings and I appreciation. My parents have always been very traditional and have taught us manners and how to be talented and educated children. But most importantly, theyve taught us that family always comes first over anything. A day after my fourteenth birthday, my family and I were getting ready to go to Mexico for winter break. We were all excited to finally go to Mexico and be with our family members for the holidays. However, the mood in my house changed in an instant. My mom has always been home and there for us when we need her. She has always been less strict and firm than my dad, but she still demands respect. Both my mom and dad have given us full trust in return for our respect and behavior. But at that moment, my eldest sister forgot everything theyd taught us. My eldest sister was twenty-one at the time. She went to Cal State Fullerton, was in her last year of college, and was said to be a mature adult. We will write a custom essay on The Moment that Changed My Life specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now However, my parents found out that she was lying to them. I remember the date being December 19 when the truth was revealed. After months of lies, my parents found out that my sister was going out with a man who would bring no benefits into her life. The man she was seeing had no education above high school, was divorced, and had a daughter. The problem was that back in May my parents had already prohibited her from seeing him anymore. She apologized to my parents and promised that she would end her relationship. Seven months passed by and apparently she didnt. For my parents, sister, and I, her lie was a major offense because weve always been there for each other, no matter what. Part of the problem was the guy she was seeing, but what really felt like a betrayal was that she threw away all the trust we had as a family. That night of December 19, when my parents found out, they had mixed emotions. They were heartbroken, yet very angry. My dads first reaction was to give her the option of leaving the house or ending her relationship. Her decision was very shocking for me, but she decided to leave immediately after the argument. I didnt think that my dads decision was wrong. I actually respected his opinion because I felt like she took for granted what my parents had done for us throughout the years. After my sister left, we had a conversation as a family. We agreed and realized that it was her decision. My dad said that he was very upset and disappointed, but that he wouldnt give up on my youngest sister and I. As a family, we agreed that we had to keep on going and move on. However, she was still part of our family and had our blood. Everyone makes a mistake at some point in life and we couldnt turn our back on her even after her mistake. About three days after she departed, one of her best friends called to let us know that she was fine and now living with the same guy. After the argument or dilemma, we didnt have much enthusiasm to go to Mexico anymore, but my mom persuaded us to go. She insisted that it would be an extraordinary way to forget about the problem for a moment. The trip was awkward because everyone asked about my sister. My parents didnt want the problem to be known, so they lied and said that she was working and couldnt go. .ub7ad5553d90eede579ddaae5e4988c2f , .ub7ad5553d90eede579ddaae5e4988c2f .postImageUrl , .ub7ad5553d90eede579ddaae5e4988c2f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub7ad5553d90eede579ddaae5e4988c2f , .ub7ad5553d90eede579ddaae5e4988c2f:hover , .ub7ad5553d90eede579ddaae5e4988c2f:visited , .ub7ad5553d90eede579ddaae5e4988c2f:active { border:0!important; } .ub7ad5553d90eede579ddaae5e4988c2f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub7ad5553d90eede579ddaae5e4988c2f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub7ad5553d90eede579ddaae5e4988c2f:active , .ub7ad5553d90eede579ddaae5e4988c2f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub7ad5553d90eede579ddaae5e4988c2f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub7ad5553d90eede579ddaae5e4988c2f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub7ad5553d90eede579ddaae5e4988c2f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub7ad5553d90eede579ddaae5e4988c2f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub7ad5553d90eede579ddaae5e4988c2f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub7ad5553d90eede579ddaae5e4988c2f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub7ad5553d90eede579ddaae5e4988c2f .ub7ad5553d90eede579ddaae5e4988c2f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub7ad5553d90eede579ddaae5e4988c2f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Character Analysis: The Darker Face of the Earth EssayOur break in Mexico was an unforgettable experience and I am thankful that my dad accepted my moms recommendation. When we returned from our trip, we heard nothing from or about her. A year has passed by since the dilemma and she is barely starting to talk to my parents. My parents and my youngest sister are trying to get along with her again. I, on the other hand, am not so sure about how I feel. I sometimes want to take my dads advice and talk to her again, but sometimes I dont. Sometimes I feel rage and anger because she preferred someone, who tomorrow will probably not be there, over her own blood. I miss her, I really do, she was my sister, my role model, and my partner in crime. But she didnt care that she was everything for me or that I gave her all my trust. Sometimes I think about all this and dont know if I should care or not. I would love for everything to be back to normal, but she was the reason for the days I saw my family shed tears, for the loss of hope in my life, and most importantly for me, losing trust in everyone. This moment in my life has been probably the worse of all. My sisters decisions have affected me. Seeing my family suffer the way they did is an experience I dont want to relive. On the bright side though, I did learn an important lesson. To begin with, I learned to appreciate what our parents do for us. I also learned to always take in mind what theyve been through to be where they are for us today. This moment also helped me realize that family is more important than I used to think. We need to appreciate them and grab on to them everyday of our lives. At the end of the day, family is the only thing that will be next to you until the end.

Deviance in Society Essay Example

Deviance in Society Essay Example Deviance in Society Essay Deviance in Society Essay Deviance in Society Name: Course: Date: Hypothetical Deviance Crusade 1. There are different norms that can be violated in the society. For instance, a moral crusade can choose behavior such as gun ownership and seek for it to be ascribed as deviant. 2a). One crusader exudes economic interest. Economic interests are the financial incentives received from participation of the society in addressing the behaviors advocated by the moral crusade. Hence, the crusader seeks to raise his or her economic status by taking advantage of the various methods used to raise awareness of gun ownership. b). Another crusader exhibits an interest in social control. Social control refers to the society’s conformity to norms and rules. The crusader seeking social control attempts to take advantage of the crusade’s advocacy in order to enforce regulations against gun ownership in the society, which will label the act as deviant. c). Another crusader asserts moral superiority as an interest. Moral superiority defines an individual’s declarations based on the morality of his or her actions. By expressing moral superiority in the crusade, the crusader believes that his actions and position on gun ownership as deviant are justified. d). Guilt is also another interest expressed by one of the crusaders. Guilt acknowledges the emotion accruing from violating a norm. Hence, the crusader experiencing guilt will use the group as a platform to defend the past deviant acts he or she performed by advocating for the labeling of gun ownership as a deviant act. 3. The crusaders will frame gun ownership as a criminal problem. This is because the modest rules governing the ownership of such dangerous weapons allow any person to acquire them. Hence, framing gun ownership on criminal basis will be due to the accruing actions arising from acquiring guns. 4. A legitimate claim made by the crusaders relates to the crusade being able to raise awareness on the dangers of gun ownership. The society will benefit because rules will be created to illegalize gun ownership since it increases criminal acts. A normative claim is the flexibility to commit a crime. The rules governing gun ownership are not restrictive allowing criminal enthusiasts to acquire weapons. This will lead to the increase in criminal acts such as robbery and violence in society. 5. The crusade will succeed because gun ownership is directly proportional to the rate of crime in the society. Thus, society will support such a move and class gun ownership as a deviant act. Secondly, gun ownership affects every person in the society, and such a controversial matter can raise the need to create restrictive laws on gun ownership by the government. Gender and Deviance Option 1 1a). Gender, perceived sexuality and bullying are linked because they are responsible for the behaviors young people exhibit. For instance, the male child seeks to prove what is related to his male gender. However, some activities that some males engage in force them to become bullied by other males who refer the activity in terms of the female sexuality hence referring to the male as a girl or a homosexual. b). Bullying has a negative effect on the males. Since males are expected to engage in activities that are masculine, some activities males engage in are considered feminine leading to violence. In terms of gender hierarchy, bullying forces the males to be less confident about their masculinity. This leads to the superiority of women to men since men are viewed as weak. In most societies, men have always been superior to women. Their masculinity enhances their ego and confidence over women. However, bullying causes men to lose their ego and reject their sexuality. c). Boys react negatively to bullying resorting to violence evidenced by the increase in school shootings. This is because boys strive to prove their masculinity. Girls, on the other hand, do not react negatively to bullying since it does not reference their attitudes towards their sexuality since it does not affect them. Furthermore, social norms do not expect girls to prove their sexuality but force the males to do so which contributes to boys’ negative reaction. 2a). Different from traditional bullying, electronic bullies do not reveal their identity through platforms such as provisional email accounts. Furthermore, cyber bullying does not limit the number of bullies, unlike traditional bullying. Cyber bullying does not recognize gender thus it is possible for anyone to be bullied unlike traditional bullying, which is mostly centered, on males. However, cyber bulling provides an advantage over traditional bullying for the victim because he or she can choose to avoid it by avoiding the medium of communication such as the chat room.

Abortion Essays (2519 words) - Abortion, Free Essays, Term Papers

Abortion LaTeisha Davis SOC 203: Social Problems Melissa Reed April 12, 2012 Abortion Abortion is the expulsion of the fetus or embryo from the uterus before it is due for delivery. It arguably tops the list among the controversial issues of our time. It is rightfully so because what is at stake is the health of both the unborn baby and the mother. This issue has been made even more controversial by the involvement of politicians who have tirelessly campaigned to win some groups for their positions. In the American political system, Democrats and the people known as liberals are known to be strong supporters of the right of the woman to choose what she wants as far as abortion is concerned. Conservatives and Republicans on their part believe that it is not about the right to choose but the right to life for the unborn. In this respect, they oppose abortion indiscriminately. In between these two groups are people who believe that abortion should not be done for the sake of simple reasons such as the woman not being ready to give birth. Instead they support abortion in cases where the mother and the baby?s lives are at stake. In this paper, the ideas put forward by all the sides will be considered so as to support the thesis that abortion should not be declared illegal in all circumstances neither should it be available for everyone other than cases where the lives of the mother and her unborn child are in danger. Such a condition should be determined by a qualified medical doctor who will be required to demonstrate that indeed the pregnant woman?s life and that of her unborn baby are at risk, and therefore an abortion is necessary. In the vindication of the main argument, the prolife stance will be examined first followed by the prochoice. The rational position that is central to the claim made in this paper will then follow. Beginning with the anti-abortion stance, people who are strongly opposed to abortion argue that abortion is a violation of the individual?s right to life. Kapp and von Herzen (2009) point out that in some cases, abortion is carried out when fetus is in the third trimester, meaning that chances of such a child surviving after birth are very high. In fact, there are several children who live to be healthy adults even after being born prematurely, when they were on their sixth or seventh month in the womb. When a woman has an abortion during this time, it is not a formless mass of cells that is expelled from the body, but a human being. Intimately connected to this argument of the entitlement to life is the notion of the sacredness of life. Under this idea of sacredness, there is societal consensus regarding the respectful manner in which human life should be treated by everyone. It is clear that when a child is expelled from the mother?s womb at the sixth month, it is a life that is ki lled. The anti-abortion or the pro-life group members in society have made strong arguments regarding the inconsiderate destruction of life that takes place in such late abortions for whatever reason. The blame naturally goes to the whole idea of allowing abortions in the first place. They therefore take the position that if all abortions are declared illegal, the women who get the chance to have abortions in their sixth or seventh month of pregnancy will not have this chance and thus the lives of these unborn babies will be saved. With all the good intentions of the pro-life people, a very important idea is left out, which is, in the process of trying to keep the pregnancy, there are circumstances where keeping the pregnancy will mean the death of pregnant woman as well as the child she is carrying. There are numerous medical conditions that are dangerous to both the two parties, that is, the unborn child and the mother, and in this case, the prolife group needs to think seriously about saving one of them or losing both. Since the chances of the unborn child surviving outside the womb in the absence of the mother is practically impossible, the rational option is to abort the

Consent theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Consent theory - Essay Example Searching consent implies first of all the ability to communicate about the most advantageous results of their discussion. Deliberate behaviour by consent with coercion is a contradictoriness in its roots, since nobody can make a consent compulsory or obligatory. Each action should by controlled by moral principles (which have naturally come from Rousseau's philosophy of 'kind' human nature). Thus, theory of consent is related to some kind of convergence among people as well as inner consent, which leads to creation of stable moral obligations (Lennartz, 2005). Rawls, who is an outstanding scholar, speaks about the obligations that people identify as "self-imposed," as if each person her or himself really participates in the creation of the principles of righteousness. In addition, Samuel Freeman, who defends Rawl's concepts, writes: "In committing themselves to these principles, free and equal citizens willingly impose upon themselves certain constraints on future decision-making . . . This precommitment is general, because it is made by and applies to everyone" (Freeman, 1993). Consent theory was expected to offer a concept of political autonomy, such that one can state that their obligation to a state was to some extent consequent from their free action as a personality among politically equal personalities. Such self-sufficiency demands that the philosophy one follows be the product of their deliberative development. "It is not enough simply for it to be the deliberative process that someone exactly like me would use, in other words, i ndicative of my unique experiences and faculties, because this would allow the deliberation of someone who knew me incredibly well to count as mine. It must be the deliberation that I actually intentionally undergo" (Cushing, 2001). In order to exemplify the awareness of making choice, let's imagine the following two 'methods' of shopping. The first way is common: a person picks the goods out him/herself and pays the bill at the end of shopping, as this person has gained an obligation by one's deliberate action. The second way is more complicated: one's robot double, programmed with all experiences and tastes of this person, goes shopping, chooses exactly what the human would choose in similar conditions and picks the goods out for this person. In the latter case, it is clear that the person has no obligation to pay for the goods, since he/she does not choose them. The person would have chosen, but in fact the person did not make a choice. Similarly, the consent theory required actual act of consent or choice, which is followed by entire awareness of one's actions.The most important limitation of consent theory (which probably rubs out the most part of its significance) is its conceptual utopicity. The level of public political culture in our society is quite low, and people follow rules and legislative obligations due to the fear of being punished. People could not rely on the way others adopt common consent, as based on the principle of personal freedom, the theory rejects law enforcement of the consent. As Cushing correctly notes, "there would be a similar assurance problem with Rawls's duty-based account because citizens will not believe that others will comply simply because the relevant institutions "apply" to them" (Cushing, 2001). Thus, an essential perception of our society's political culture

First Lady Fashions and Frank Knight Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

First Lady Fashions and Frank Knight - Essay Example He is the pioneer of the â€Å"mix and match† fashion style. On the other hand, Frank Knight is Harry’s nephew and company’s treasurer. The paper will discuss the challenges that Frank faced in the enterprise. Sarah is Harry’s sister and is the corporation’s vice-president in charge of administration. The organizational structure clearly states that Frank and Sarah are at the same management level. However, apparently Frank is subordinate to Sarah. Frank lacks independence in his position as the company’s treasurer. For instance, Frank is not allowed to approve any expenditure exceeding 30,000 dollars without Sarah’s informal approval. The fact that Sarah’s support is merely informal clearly shows that the management tends to undermine Frank’s authority. The need for Sarah’s assent poses a significant challenge to not only Frank but also the company as a whole. Sarah is rash, hires and fires employees without consulting anybody and objects any proposed changes without any reasonable explanation. Sarah sacked the vice president of industrial relations despite the annual 170,000 dollars per year contract with the company. This action by Sarah negatively influenced the company’s expenses and financial welfare. Frank’s contribution to the well-being of the firm is inadequate merely due to Sarah’s interference in his job. Secondly, lack of coordination among the firm’s department hinders Frank’s workmanship. Conflicts among the departmental managers occurred on a daily basis. The managers would fiercely argue if any of them disagreed with the sales forecasts merely because the forecast jeopardised the interests of a departmental they were in charge. Moreover, the sales forecast are distributed to the top-level managers, including Frank, located in the firm’s headquarters offices. The constant disagreements and amending of the sales forecast interfered with Frank’s role as the Treasurer. Frank had to adjust financial plans continually in accordance with the frequently proposed changes.  Ã‚  

Impact of Organizational Culture in Decision Making Essay Example for Free

Impact of Organizational Culture in Decision Making Essay In any organization, decision making has traditionally been put in the hands of the management or superiors. An organization’s hierarchy emerges when an organization experiences problems in coordinating and motivating employees. As an organization grows, employees increase in number and begin to specialize, performing widely different kinds of tasks; the level of differentiation increases; and coordinating employees’ activities becomes more difficult (Jones, 2004). As globalization and information technology has changed every sector of the world, business organizations have attuned to demand their leaders to make decisions quickly, without needless ado, and move on to other pressing matters. This creates the temptation to make the decision unilaterally, for the sake of speed and efficiency, and be done with it. On the other hand, it is becoming increasingly clear that healthy organizations characteristically find strength in opening up participation in decision making and empowering relevant people at all levels of the organization to contribute to the quality of the decisions made. There are two reasons for making decision making in organizations more dynamic. First, empowering people to participate in important decisions is highly motivating to them and second, broad participation infuses the decision making process with the full spectrum of knowledge and good ideas that people throughout the organization have to contribute. On the other hand, the concept of organizational culture is at the core of understanding organizational behavior such as decision making. Organizational culture involves the norms that develop in a work group, the dominant values advocated by the organization, the philosophy that guides the organizations policies concerning employees and client groups, and the feeling that is evident in the ways in which people interact with one another. Thus, it clearly deals with basic assumptions and beliefs that are shared by members of the organization. Taken together, these define the organization itself in crucial ways: why it exists, how it has survived, what it is about. As an organization’s culture influences decisions made by its members it also influences its members’ acceptance or rejection of decisions made by its leaders. So when an organization changes its strategy, the primary interest involves assessment of the compatibility of a decision option with the organization’s culturewhere an option is defined as a possible course of action in the case of a member who is making a decision, or a proposed course of action in the case of a decision that has been made by leaders (Beach, 1996, p. 118). For example, CEOs in different industries vary considerably from one another in terms of their background characteristics and experience, an observation that has intrigued the business and academic press. For example, a widely scrutinized and publicized CEO selection decision was Apple Computers decision in 1985 to replace founder Steven Jobs with John Sculley, an industry outsider with virtually no experience in the technology-driven personal computer industry. The arguments in this controversial decision centered around the relative suitability of these individuals given the changing nature of the personal computer industry. As a result of changing industry conditions in which marketing and advertising were viewed as increasingly important strategic levers, Sculley’s marketing background and experience at Pepsis beverage operations were expected to make him a better â€Å"fit† as CEO than the technologically oriented Steve Jobs (Datta, Guthrie Rajagopalan, 2002). In this regard, the impact of organization culture in decision making is seen to be very vital. Organizational culture is a powerful environment that reflects past experiences, summarizes them, and distills them into simplifications that help to explain the enormously complex world of the organization. Efforts to reduce this complexity through simplification processes such as imposing decision-making models on it are not likely to be very workable. In this view, therefore, the culture of the organization represents significant thinking prior to action and is implicit in the decision making behavior of the organization’s leaders. So when two organizations merge, there will be an impact in it uniting the culture as to who will make the decision and the issue of empowerment and participation. Empowerment and participation would be viewed by some leaders as losing power by giving it away to others. However, modern empowering leaders understand that one gains power by sharing it with others because in collaborative effort the power available to the group multiplies. To make this effective, this effort should be accompanied by the support of ongoing technical training and consultation to help all participants to master the group process skills that are essential to making empowerment succeed. They must also be accompanied by the development of concrete and publicly known processes through which one participates in the collaborative process.

Ancient Man, Clovis :: essays research papers

Ancient Man and the Disco Ball Essay One)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thousands of years ago, primitive man walked the earth very similarly to the way he does today. We can discern this from the cultures that remain nearly intact from that time, and by analyzing what remains from those ancient peoples. Technologies change, making life easier for people, and ensuring the survival of the species (things like medicine and modern farming techniques), but the people themselves change very little.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ethnographically, people like the !Kung bushmen are very specialized. In actuality, any and all of the remaining societies that have survived outside of mainstream culture must be very specialized. There are few places in the world untouched by civilized man (perhaps none at all), and the only places that have managed to elude him thus far are the regions that are generally unwanted. These places, like the Kalahari, Arctic Circle, and South American Jungle, are the only locations containing native people living in their traditional ways. All of the people living in these places have to live in a very specific way, or they simply cannot survive on what the land gives them. Of, course all of the ethnographic records we have show highly specialized people, we killed all the ones that lived where they could be more generalized and still survive.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The archaeological record shows us what the intelligent ethnographers preach; there is more out there than what we see, and we are constantly underestimating the cultures that came before us. The widespread use of tools like harpoons and spears, the spread of pottery and boxes, and the actual contents of ancient stomachs (like the Ice Man's) show us that ancient people were once more variable than they are now. Considering that ancient men spread from Pittsburgh to South America in an incredibly short span of time (though from whence they came is unknown), ancient people must have been very adept at adapting.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Archaeologists are trying very hard to understand the ethnographers. They do this because they want to understand just what it is that they are digging up, and the best way to find out is to ask the people who use them. Of course they are not perfect, and some archaeologists dig competitively (almost like tomb raiders), but overall, we can learn a lot about ancient people from the work of these two groups of scientists working together with the past and the present.

Mis “Myspace

What kind of databases and database servers does MySpace use? A database is an organized collection of data. A database server is a computer program that provides database services to other computer programs. In the initial phases, MySpace operated with two web servers (a computer application that helps to deliver web content that can be accessed through the internet) communicating with one database server and a Microsoft SQL Server database(as s database, it is a software product whose primary function is to store and retrieve data requested by other software applications).But as the number of accounts started to increase to 500,000 in 2004 one database server wasn’t sufficient. MySpace then deployed three SQL servers database. Which one served as a master database, which received all new data and copied it to the other two databases. As time passed and the number of accounts grew to millions, the database servers where approaching their input/output capacity and causing MySp ace to add many cheaper servers to share the database load.Still having problems with overload, MySpace switched to virtualized storage architecture. In which databases write to any available disk, thus eliminating the possibility of an application’s dedicated disk becoming overloaded. In 2005 MySpace added more servers between the database servers and the Web servers to store and serve copies of frequently accessed data objects so that the site’s web servers wouldn’t have to query the servers with lookups as frequently. Why is a database technology so important for a business such as MySpace?Due to the nature of MySpace and because it mostly receive from and serves to its uses are data objects like pictures, audio files and video files databases technology is the only technology that accomplish the mission. Its database must make the objects readily available to anyone requesting access to an entity (person). Database technology cuts through many problems of tr aditional filing. Rather than storing data in separate file for each application, data are store as to appear to users as being stored in only one single location.How effectively does MySpace organize and store the data on its site? MySpace. com was one of the most popular social networking sites and experienced one of the greatest growths in the history. But unfortunately it wasn’t able to keep with its data storage and challenged technical letdowns that degrade web site performance and frustrated its rapidly expanding network users. MySpace used two Web servers communicating with one database server. It was adequate when the site had a small number of users who were updating or accessing database objects.Obviously that won’t work with millions of users. Unfortunately, MySpace kept overloading more frequently than other major Web sites. With a log-in error rate of 20 to 40 percent on some days, the site is not effectively organizing or storing data. What data manageme nt problems have risen? How has MySpace solved, or attempted to solve these problems? Some of the problems MySpace has encountered are inadequate storage space on its database servers, slow access or no access through its log-in application, and users’ inabilities to access data.Over the years, MySpace has attempted to fix these problems by adding more and Web servers and more database servers. Some were simply â€Å"added on† without restructuring the entire system to more efficiently use its hardware and software. Workloads were not distributed evenly between servers which caused inefficient use of resources. MySpace developers continue to redesign the Web site’s database, software, and storage systems, to keep pace with its exploding growth, but their job is never done. MySpace switched to a virtualization storage architecture which ended the practice of attaching disk dedicated to specific applications.

Cons Of Abortion Essay

Abortions should be illegalized unless there are special circumstances and appropriate reasoning. One reason is because many people have taken advantage of legal abortions and use it as a form of birth control. Another reason being that killing an unborn is morally wrong and that it’s considered murder. Third, almost all women experience both physical and psychological disabilities whether they’re minor or very serious. An abortion is the termination of a pregnancy by loss or destruction of the fetus before birth. An abortion may be spontaneous or induced. The latter is an act with ethical and legal ramifications. Many women experience physical and psychological complications after they have had an abortion. This leads to complications in their behavior and therefore many consider the care of a psychiatric or physician. Statistics prove that the risks of Physical problems among women who have aborted at least once are high. Approximately 10% of women undergoing abortion will have to suffer immediate abortions and about 2% of them are life threatening. Death is a very serious issue for all women considering abortions. Legal abortion is reported as the fifth leading cause of maternal death . Statistics prove that women who have had an abortion are four times more likely to die in the following year than ones that have carried their pregnancies to term are. Abortion is also clearly linked to a dramatic increase in suicide risk. Between 7 to 30% of all women who have aborted have been reported to attempt suicide. In Canada a study of government funded medical programs showed that 41% of women had to receive psychological treatment after having an abortion. Putting death and suicide aside, there are many other problems that one may have to suffer from. Facing complications in labor and having handicapped newborns. Statistics show that women who have â€Å"aborted once are two to three times more likely to having a pre term delivery† Not only does induced abortions increase the risks of pre- term delivery but also increases the risks delayed delivery. Because abortion is associated with cervical and uterine damage, these are the leading causes of handicapped among newborns. The authors found that â€Å"if a partner is present and not supportive, the miscarriage rate is more than  double and the abortion rate is four times greater than if he is present and supportive. The partner is absent the abortion rate is six times greater.† In total out of 1428 women surveyed, after having aborted, women visited their family doctor 80% more for all reasons possible and 180% of them went for psychosocial reasons. â€Å"Abortion is stressful and emotionally difficult for most women† . As well as having physical problems, more women experience psychological damages. A survey stated that almost eight weeks after having an abortion, 31% of women had regretted the decision. 44% had complained of having nervous disorders, 36% had experienced a loss or disturbances of sleep. Many of these women carry repressed feelings which leads to drug and alcohol abuse. Elliot research institute’s researcher found that women who have aborted their pregnancies are 4 times more likely to get involved with drugs and alcohol. During an interview of 30 women who had aborted, 60% had increased their use or alcohol. Almost 45% of all abortions performed today are repeat abortions. If abortions were illegalized, a large proportion of repeat abortions can be eliminated. Not as many women would have to go through stress and other physical and psychological disorders. Outlawing abortions can reduce many of these common problems among women. The three main that women who have aborted give are, â€Å"having a baby can change my life†, â€Å"If I were to have this baby, it could ruin my career†, or â€Å"My partner and I are currently having problems in the relationship† . When asked public opinion, these reasons are quite selfish. It seems as if when there is no where else to turn, the option of abortion will stand out. Knowing that abortions are permitted and available some take it as the easy ticket out. During the 1970’s, Canada was reported to having one of the highest teenage fertility rates in the world. Among unmarried women, teens have held the highest rate of child bearing in Canada and the United States. As these pregnancy rates have increased, abortion rates had doubled. Between 1975 and  1980 abortion rates have doubled from 20 to 44 abortions per 1000 women who were between the ages of fifteen and nineteen. This shows that many teenagers have been using abortions as a method of contraception to lower their fertility rate. To those whom consider abortion a negative issue say that, â€Å"easy abortion leads to increased promiscuity†; â€Å"Available abortions lead to reduced contraceptive use† . If abortion remains legalized it silently and subconsciously encourage selfish and irresponsible behavior among young women who may consider it as a backup plan incase of pregnancy. Since the abortion law made by the Supreme Court in 1973, teenage abortions had risen very greatly in numbers. Abortion rates for adolescents between the ages of 15 and 19 raised from 244,070 to 448,570. That’s an increase of 84%. For girls under the ages of 15, the rate increased to a total of 31% (11630 to 15240). In 1980’s, there was a decrease in abortion rates. This was due to the fact that the changes in law decreased the number of abortion providers all over Canada. Due to this abortions had decreased by 26% in 1984, 24% in 1989 and 21% in 1991. Looking a little deeper into this, one may come to the consideration that many if not all pregnancies that have been aborted have been due to carelessness in sexual behavior. With the exception of rape, incest or physical harm on the women, the procedure of all abortions should be banned. Many argue that abortion is immoral and it is in the same category as killing an innocent, newborn baby. All life is present from the moment of conception. Fetuses almost look like newborn infants and possess characteristics, such as a genetic code, that are found in all human beings. Anti abortionists say that â€Å"it is always prima facie seriously wrong to take a human life† or â€Å"is it always prima facie seriously wrong to end the life of a baby† . Some say it doesn’t make sense to give rights to a being that would never have psychological traits, but one may argue that new born babies don’t have these traits either, but if they were to be killed after birth, one would get charged. Therefore the argument that a fetus does not  carry psychological traits is a poor one. Other issues which makes killing a fetus wrong is the loss of the victim’s future. This can be supported by the consideration that killing is one of the worst crimes. People who know that they are going to die believe, of course, that dying is a very bad thing. These people know that their premature death is bad because they will miss out on what the future may have had to hold for them . For people who are severely ill and wish to die will not have suffered a loss if the were killed because they know they will have to face a future of pain. Abortion may also be compared to animal rights. Our society has always put humans before animals. Our rights are obviously more important than those of animals are. A couple months ago, two men were arrested because they had slit open the bodies of rats and photographed it saying it was art . Those who perform abortions are killing a living fetus, which will grow up to, possess characteristics much more complex than that of a rat. How can those who perform abortions get away with it and not those who kill rats? Medical science leads to a pro-life perspective rather than a pro-choice perspective. These arguments against abortions are compelling. One being that at conception the embryo is genetically distinct from the mother . It is said that a developing human being is genetically different from its mother because, for one, it is genetically different form the sperm and egg that created it. The DNA of an embryo can be distinguished form the DNA of the sperm and egg that created it. There are other medical arguments supporting the right to life for a fetus. Major one is the definition between life and death. In the past life was defined by the heartbeat. A stopped heartbeat would be a clear indication of death. By the eighteenth day in the womb, a fetus has a heart. If heartbeats were used to define life than all abortions would be outlawed. In the new age, brainwave activity is used to define death. Fetuses develop ECG patterns in their brains at about 40 to 43 after conception. A flat ECG pattern clearly determines death. Using brain wave activity, at least a majority of abortions could be outlawed. A third issue concerning abortions is if the fetus feels pain. Yes a fetus does feel pain. Try poking an infant with a pin, it will immediately pull away and begin to cry. If you tried to do the same with a fetus, it will open its mouth and pull away. This also causes an increase in the heart rate of the human fetus. Many other medical arguments can be used to try and  outlaw abortions. A fetus has unique set of fingerprints, it to is growing and developing, it has the same human like features as we do, and many others. Abortion is a very controversial subject and there are many debates between the pro-lifers and pro-choice’s. The views of the pro-lifers are that abortion should become banned all over hospitals and clinics. Pro- choicer may not agree with this because they argue that if abortions become banned then women will have to get illegal abortions. This is not true because statistics proved that when abortions were banned in Canada the rate had drop. Women who did not need abortions for a real reason did not get them. This brought down abortion rates considerably. If the number of abortions was decreased this will also decrease problems of physical and psychological stress. In conclusion, there are other ways of dealing with the situation of an unwanted pregnancy. The most one may do is give up the baby for adoption. Bibliography 1. Abortion: Choice and Conflict Editor Oliver Trager 2. The Ethics of Abortion Robert M. Baird and Stuart E. Rosenbaum 3. Internet site www.religioustlerance.org/abo_supr.htm 4. Abortion a Positive Decision By Patricia Lunneborg 5. The Big Evasion By Anne Collins 6. Perspectives on abortion By Paul Sachdev 7. Abortion Policies in US and Canada Studies in Public Opinion Edited by Ted G. Jelen

The Silver Chair essays

The Silver Chair essays Imagine that you are in a different world from earth, time is different, and all living things around you can talk. While in this world you will go through the most amazing adventure that you could ever think of. That is just what happens in the novel The Silver Chair. It is an action packed, and keeps you wanting to read the whole way through. The author of the novel The Silver Chair is C.S. Lewis. The most well known novels that C.S. Lewis has written are The Chronicles of Narnia, which is made up of seven novels. This story takes place in the present time. The adventure in Narnia that these children go on takes about 12 days, however on earth it is like you had never left as time is different in Narnia. For example, if you left to Narnia while shooting hoops you would return to earth at that exact day and time when you were shooting hoops. This story starts out on a dull autumn day at a special school called the Experiment house. As the story goes on they are transferred to a knew magical world called Narnia. While in Narnia the children travel around a lot and go to several different places, they include: The Wild Waste Lands of the North, The Hill of the Strange Trenches, The House of Harfang, and The Underland. The main characters of this story are: Jill Pole, Eustace Scrubb, Puddleglum, Aslan, Prince Rilian, and The Queen of Underland. Jill Pole is a wimpy girl that gets picked on at the Experiment House who meets a unpopular boy named Eustace Scrubb, and the two of them travel to the magical world Narnia. Here they meet Aslan, Lord of the whole wood, and son of the Emperor across the sea. Aslan is the Lion, the Great Lion. He comes and goes as and when he pleases; he comes to help guide Jill and Eustace on their great adventure. They also get help on their travels from a Marsh-wiggle named Puddleglum, who helps guide the children as they do not know this knew world well. Prince Rilian disappeared when r...

The modernization theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The modernization theory - Essay Example This multi-dimensional orientation of the concept give it a much wider and bigger scope to cover and discuss many important and critical issues of the modern world and specially those faced by the developing countries. In effect, Modernization theories study the impact of modernization process on the human communication and in doing so explore many critical and important issues which may serve as the reconciliation points between the developed and developing world. However these modernization and development theories are controversial also as the most underdeveloped societies due to their strong cultural, religious and economic values find it hard to embarrass a change which has not emerged indigenously. This study will explore the modernization and development process besides providing a critical analysis of the theoretical framework and the impact of cultural invariance on the modernization and development process and the societies. The historical orientation of the modernization and development process suggest that it is a macro-theory with historical and sociological inspirations. (Universiteit Twente). It is believed that the theories of modernization and development were developed in order to assess its impact on the human communication. Gidden defined modernization as â€Å"the appearance of the modes of social life of organization which emerged in Europe from about the seventeenth century onwards and which subsequently became more or less worldwide in their influence† (Giddens). Therefore in effect, modernization defines the changing ways of the communication taking place in modern and traditional society. In its essence the modernization and development theories suggest that the western values and practices are best and that if replicated by the developing countries can prove beneficial to the long term

DS proposal Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

DS proposal - Dissertation Example However, some situations have led to lack of the information getting to the target due to lack on internet connection in different places on the earth which are difficult to contain. The proposal targets to be an alternative to the flawy systems of data transmission that have caused delays, loss and less efficiency of the data getting to the target at the right time. In some cases, people have failed to access the digital data that is sent through a VOIP system and therefore, the data they sent remain irrelevant because it does not get the immediate attention from the target receiver. This creates a necessity to come up with system that will ease the transmission of data across the system and ensure that the target receive can get it quickly and be in a position to respond to it to rescue the life of patients. The purpose of the proposal is to develop a system that will help people to transmit data from one point to another and ensure that it will be accessed by the target population at the earliest opportunity by developing a signal system that will help people to receive the information immediately it is sent. To accomplish the requirement of this, the proposal will develop a model that will demonstrate the workability of a signal that will inform the receiver of the data they expect to get immediately they receive. The model will include an system of electronic device that will transmit an electromagnetic waves to the devices they use or mobile devices connected to configured to receive the signal. Project Outline: Assessment of the technology of used in communication I will carry out out a careful analysis of the existing systems in the medical care communication and point out the various areas that have weaknesses which cause them to be inefficient in communication. Seeking the approval to carry out the project from relevant authorities At this level I will visit the ministry of health and elaborate the different challenges they get to communicate and pres ent the project proposal about how the inefficiencies can be reduced and therefore, I will seek their approval to develop a system of communicating effectively. Seeking for funds To accomplish the goals for the project, financial resources will be required to procure the different materials that are required in the implementation and to cater for transport and to pay for some labour at different stages of the implementation. I will look for a sponsor to fund the things that I will require to be able to easily achieve the project. Assembling At this stage, I will assemble different pieces of the system to come up with software, install it in the model devices and configure the devices to ensure transmission of the information is attained. Presentation and demonstration After assembling, I will seek a chance to demonstrate the workability of the system to my supervisor and have his feedback about the system and I will note his recommendations. Improvement of the system After presentat ion to the different groups, I will note their recommendation on the ways to increase effectiveness of the system and

Corporate Social Responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Corporate Social Responsibility - Essay Example Should business take a cut in their profit margins in order to employ the jobless people or take part in environmental conservation practises? The answer to this question can be answered by analysing the long run effects of such a move to the business. When a business entity takes a cut in order to participate in corporate social responsibility, the earnings of the owners are reduced, this may have the effect of dampening their interests on the business or they may pressurize the chief executive officer of the business to make more profits for them. In turn, this would have the effect of increasing the prices of the goods and services that the company produces therefore a negative effect to the consumers, which the company was trying by getting involved in corporate social responsibility activities. Corporate social responsibility among business entities means that the business is getting money from consumers of their products and other stakeholders and spending it on their choice pr oject without necessarily consulting the financiers of the whole project since the decision of the project lies wholly on the chief executive officer and the board of directors. ... Financial fraud has been with us for a relatively long period of time where corporates have been tampering with their financial information to lie about their financial position in order to attract investors or to keep investors from investing in other rival firms. This has the effect of making investors lose billion of money when these companies collapse. For instance, Enron, Tyco, Worldcom and Adelphia have been involved in financial scandals involving manipulating of their financial information. Another form of financial fraud involves employees who are torn between pursuing their own selfish interests or the interests of their clients. For instance, brokers in insurance of money market are usually faced with the dilemma of pursuing their own selfish gains at the expense of the client’s interests although the law requires them to pursue their clients’ interests before their own. This trend is caused by the commission remuneration system that is used to pay brokers ba sed on the volume of business that they transact. Consumers are also involved in fraud, which cost the United States economy billions of dollars in revenue. The fraud from consumers is spread across almost all sectors of the economy, however the most hit sector is the insurance sector, which is reported to have lost about 10 per cent of the total claims to fraud, this includes claims on items that are not lost or damaged and treatment that is not offered. The clothing sector is another worst hit by fraud with estimates showing that about 16 billion dollars may have been lost in 2002 due to ‘wardrobing’ which is the returning of old clothes. Another area

Organization Development Survey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Organization Development Survey - Essay Example The advantages of survey questionnaires are discussed below:Standardized Way:The data collection goes in a standardized way, so the questionnaires are highly preferred as compared to any other data collection method.The questions in questionnaires are more specific and while they are prepared, the objective of conducting the survey is being kept in mind, so the questions help in achieving the objective.Relatively Fast Method of Collection of Data:This is the relatively fast method to collect the data in survey; however, it may take long to prepare and analyze. It needs a lot of time and effort to prepare questionnaires, to analyze the questionnaires, to make the specific questions so that the object is achieved, but then, at the end, it requires minimum time to conduct it. In comparison with other methods, data collection in survey questionnaires is relatively fast.High Rate of Returns:The return rates of questionnaires survey are high. Questionnaires are easy to answer. It takes a m inimum of five minutes to fill the whole questionnaire. For this reason, people usually do not argue in filling questionnaires. Other methods such as interviews take a lot of time of the respondents, so people usually argue on it. Survey questionnaires can easily be distributed to a large number of audiences. It enables to gather many different points.The questionnaires cover almost every part of research unlike interviews. Questionnaires are designed in a way so that every aspect is covered.... Other methods such as interviews take a lot of time of the respondents, so people usually argue on it. Survey questionnaires can easily be distributed to a large number of audiences. It enables to gather many different point of views (Zikmund and Babin, 2009, p. 7). Covers every Aspect: The questionnaires cover almost every part of research unlike interviews. Questionnaires are designed in a way so that every aspect is covered. It consists of accurate questions of which it requires accurate answers. It can have many questions to cover every aspect of the respective topic. Leads in the Formation of Theories: Many of the positivists â€Å"believe that quantitative data can be used to create new theories and / or test existing hypotheses† (Koneru, 2008, pp. 218–220). The questionnaires enable to gather quantitative data. It allows the respondent to give direct answers, i.e. yes or no, which makes the data accurate. These accurate data lead to the formation of theories or e xisting hypothesis. Cost Effective One of the main benefits of survey questionnaire is that it does not require a high rate of investment. The cost involved in distributing the questionnaires is negligible as compared with the other methods of data collection (Koneru, 2008, p. 221). Disadvantages Truthfulness: It is hard to find out truthfulness of respondents in a questionnaire survey. Usually respondents fill the questionnaires randomly, so honest opinions and accurate information are not gathered. This is a big drawback of questionnaires because this can adversely affect the result of the survey and in this way, improper predictions will be made. Misinterpretation: There is a possibility that the respondent may interpret the questions in a different way. This difference in the interpretation

Micro And Macro Environment Analysis Of Disneyland Tourism Essay

Micro And Macro Environment Analysis Of Disneyland Tourism Essay Upon review the Disneyland operation in different regions that appear many opportunities and challenges, which are facing to Disneyland. Since the major challenge is cultural crash in different areas that vary from region to region, which together with the problems of Disneylands standardization structure. In the past, Disneyland has difficulty when dealing with the employees in 2006 of Hong Kong Disney that led to high level of anger among dissatisfied. The top management in Disneyland tries to cope with cultural in overseas to solve the problems of conflicts between the employers and employees towards. On the other hand, Disneyland tries every mean to adapt more to the local environment in order to facilitate the local customers needs and wants. The Walt Disney Company is in the entertainment industry that is tending to spread more globally throughout the world. History and Company Background of Disneyland The Walt Disney Theme Park was founded over 80 years that the first Disneyland is lunched in USA, which is going to expand to new territories that go further to market globalization in universal. There is total 11 theme park in worldwide that contain Paris, Tokyo, Honk Kong and Shanghai in future. (DISNEY, 2010) Mission of Disneyland That is to deliver quality entertainment experience to all ages with the messages Dream come true and focus on the Imagineering that focus to provide and create magic hours to all guests and visitors. Context Analysis This will go on to analysis the marketing environment that consists of micro-environment and macro-environment. The micro-environment concerns the internal factors affecting The Walt Disney Company whereas the macro-environment concerns the external factors that can affect the micro-environment (Kolter, Bowen Makens, 2006). SWOT Analysis of Walt Disney Company There are four things an organization should consider and analyze during various stages throughout the fiscal year that are crucial to keeping up with the competition and giving a relatively accurate perspective on positioning. The SWOT analysis helps an organization understand the current and potential environment for their particular product and service (Hair, Lamb McDaniel, 2008) which allow adjusting the marketing tactics in order to help focus the strategies. That is going to analysis and recognizes the strengths and weaknesses are internal reflections, whereas the opportunities and threats are external reflections. Strengths Walt Disney Company has developed established and well known brand name and image over many years in the entertainment industry, which has long history and tradition that can facilitate traditional values (Datamonitor, 2007). In addition, Disneyland has many unique roles of characters and each of it has specific and attractive fairy tales hus, Disneyland are well equipping with broad product portfolio that consist of media networks, parks and resorts, studio entertainment and consumer products as different business segments with Imagineering section. Weaknesses Walt Disney Company is frequent change in top management level that let to miscommunication and a high chance for a bureaucracy between employers and employees, which cause of high turnover rate. Furthermore, Disneyland is mainly focus on standardization that each of the theme parks in different region is similar except the one in Tokyo. Since 1997 decreasing revenues and strong degreasing operating income no profitable unit Opportunities The markets of today are becoming more versatile to outsourcing and globalization. The trend towards globalization is not immune to the entertainment business and The Walt Disney Company is revealing this by expanding outside of the United States and offering theme parks in France, Japan and China. Threats Threats that are more prevalent in the era of globalization are the laws and regulations of other countries. There is a need for constant monitoring of the differences in the laws of other countries and the United States when organizations are outsourcing. Moreover, the theme parks must meet the safety regulations of the countries in which they operate in order to stay in business and maintain their international status. Furthermore, since the culture difference is vary from region to region that is hard to predict the right social development or interests of the target customers. As with any business a main aspect of the threat analysis is the competition. The Walt Disney Company and the theme park industry are many competitors like Universal Studios. In addition, there are many other less visible competitors that one might not naturally think of when assessing the competitive market in which Disney deals. For instance, there are various country parks like water parks that can also be considered as cheaper or more valuable competition for Disney. Competition, in any form, can diminish Disneys market share in the entertainment industry (Datamonitor, 2007 After analysis the external and internal environment of Walt Disney Company that has been figure out some of the problems should be aware afterwards. Key Issues The major existing problems facing by The Walt Disney Company that is highlighted the theme parks in Paris and Hong Kong. For the Disney of Paris has faulty or misguided during the planning of basic assumptions and forecasts. Disney failed to anticipate the major change of economy that European Recession during the Disney opened. Europe was in the middle of an economic slump with financial problem. Thus, this reduced the purchasing power at this time. The graph below illustrates the downturn in Frances GDP during this period (1992-1994), resulting in a reduction in disposable income among the French population. Moreover, Disney did not anticipate the culture differences of Europeans that incorporate with the language and eating habits, initially, banned alcohol in the park of the worlds largest wine consumption country. The cultural miscalculations with incorrect marketing plan of cross-cultural blunders occurred and were widely, even gleefully as the American cultural imperialism. Many additional internal and external factors contributed to the initial failure of Euro Disney, which are communication gaps, increasing interest rates, reduction in the real estate market, operational errors, and high labor costs all contributed to the $1 billion USD total loss. However, many of these factors have been thoroughly analyzed throughout the years. Fortunately for Disney, many of these factors were corrected. By 2008, Euro Disney was able to make a profit of $19 million HKD. Besides, Hong Kong Disney fails to reach target numbers of guest arrivals and fails to gain competitive advantages that due to poor management that fail to embrace the importance of corporate social responsibility planning in building up customer loyalty. Although Disney learned lessons and tried to avoid the same mistakes of cultural differences, the management has only focused on risk patterns rather than appraisal and learning about potential chance and risk. Disney had attempted entry into the growing Chinese market prior opening in china (Kolter Armstrong, 2006). Since the publication of fairy tales story books in Mandarin and creation of Disney character based on the Chinese traditional legend Mulan. Thus, Hong Kong Disneyland took the steps to avoid the cultural crashes which happened in France, by preparing the population for the entry of Disney and enabling the identification with Disney character and concepts (Jobber D., 2007). However, Hong Kong Disneyland admitted that the park had only attended around 4.5 million visitors in 2008 and so on in 2009. Apart from this, there are losing money according to the revenue and expenses that shown at the bellowing (HKDL, 2010). On the other hand, Tokyo Disney regarded as a great success with combined annual attendance and operating income, which is a joint venture operation model operated by Japanese. That successful reason is not only rely on à ¦- ¥Ãƒ ¦Ã…“ ¬Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ºÃƒ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ã‚ ªÃƒ ¥Ã‚ ·Ã‚ ±manageà §Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã‚ ªÃ†â€™Ã‚   no cultural crash that can à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. As the Japanese had a great interest in Western cultural and do love of fantasy and costume that main visitors of this theme park are the local residents of Japan in fact. Despite Japan is facing the problem of aging population, the management had set the slight on the growing elderly population as marketing strategy to deal with the problem of aging population. Tokyo Disneyland offers a cut-rate annual pass for visitor who aged 60 or above. This action arise the discussion that Disneyland is icons of entertainment for children, no matter this is the first time a special annual pass for seniors has been available, it also successes to take measure and addressed to the senior. (THINGSASIAN, 2008) http://www.thingsasian.com/stories-photos/29639 After the wavering beginnings of Euro Disney, management quickly learned many valuable lessons about international expansion and acted on these lessons to develop culturally accepted and profitable theme park. To prevent the consequences of the failure that is needed learn from the pervious experiences and clarify clearly about the key successful factors of managing global marketing strategies. Q1. The critical success factors in managing a global marketing strategy Business consultants thus contend that the key to successful international marketing for any business-whether a multinational corporation or a small entrepreneurial venture-is the ability to adapt, manage, and coordinate an intelligent plan in an unfamiliar (and sometimes unstable) foreign environment.

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Electrical stimulation (ES) therapy involves the transfer of electrical current across wound tissue through the two electrodes and uses three types of currents: AC, DC and Pulse DC. According to various studies, electrical stimulation therapy has shown to reduce inflammation, edema, improve wound appearance, cause a faster reduction in wound size by helping to kick start the wound healing process and is cost effective for many patients. It has generated a positive impact on patient’s comfort and convenience. Electrical stimulation therapy has provided numerous beneficial effects in wound healing demonstrated by various studies, however; further research trials are needed in order to prove the effectiveness and benefits of electrical stimulation therapy as it relates to wound healing (Cutting, 2006). Background: The clinical application of ES can be dated as far back as 1812 when Hartshorne used electricity to promote bone healing in a patient suffering a tibial nonunion, later described in an 1841 publication (Wienke & Dayton, 2011). Research stayed in focus with bone stimulation via ES therapy for many years leading to the US Food and Drug Administration approved labeling electromagnetic devices for treatment of nonunion and delayed union fractures. ES therapy in chronic wound healing became a major research trend in the mid 1960s with a multitude of successful clinical trials to follow (Isseroff & Dahle, 2012). Eventually ES use in treating chronic soft tissue wounds became widely accepted and in 2002 the Centers of Medicare and Medicaid Services approved ES treatment in a clinical setting for certain types of chronic wounds and pressure ulcers. Until 2003, research focus stayed with ES therapy on pressure ulcers but later ... ...rocess and is cost effective for many patients. It has also generated a positive impact on patient’s comfort and convenience. Yet still, the selection of an optimal modality remains amongst the scientific and medical communities. Further research and clinical trials to support these positive effects on wound healing may help generate that consensus and help ES therapy gain full support in the US. In reviewing the above studies the evidence of the numerous beneficial effects ES therapy has are clear, however, the evidence that the lack of consensus on standardization of parameters to devise systematic protocols for its use and the lack of uniformity in reports on ES dosages, application modes and waveforms is also clear. Further research trials are needed in order to prove the effectiveness and benefits of electrical stimulation therapy as it relates to wound healing

The Educational and Race Issue on Everyday Use

Final Semester Take Home Test : Everyday Use Auliya Atika F. Auliya Atika F. Mr. Gindho Rizano M. Hum Prose II May 24, 2012 Final Task Examination The Educational and Race Issue in Everyday Use Everyday Use is a part of the short story collection In Love and Trouble: Stories of Black Woman (1973) by Alice Walker (Wikipedia). Alice Walker is an African – American blooded who often made issues about African – American itself mostly in her works . Everyday Use is one of her outstanding work which got many appreciation from literary’s devotees.This story itself is telling about an unlucky family who consist of Mama and her two daughters, where is a quarrel between Mama and her oldest daughter and also how her youngest daughter who have a very self low-esteem perceive any conflicts at their home. For this chance, I want to discuss the related topic which prominent enough to this stories, there are two things I want to discuss, the first is the educational issues betwe en the characters, especially about the contrary among Mama and Maggie with Dee.And the second is race issues which contain in some parts of this story. The characters of Mama and Maggie in this story described is not get a good education facilities because of some unexperctable problem: â€Å"I never had an education myself. After second grade the school was closed down† (page 3). Although she and her youngest sister just couldn’t reach the proper education, her oldest sister, Dee could enjoy school until college now and she even studied in a prestigious boarding Final Semester Take Home Test : Everyday Use Auliya Atika F. school at other city.Dee at her sixteen age already have her own unique style, from head to toe, so bright and colorful, and ever her hairstyle which Mama can’t tolerance it anymore from the bottom of her heart: â€Å"A dress down to the ground, in this hot weather. A dress so loud it hurts my eyes †¦. I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throws out† (page 4). Mama actually hopes by sending Dee to the highest level of education, she could get into the moment to share any knowledge as large as Dee got from school: â€Å"†¦we raised the money, the church and me, to send her to Augusta to school. † (page 2).And the best point of expentacy of Mama sending her to school is in order to Dee more appreciate her in any things. Mama hopes Dee could appreciate Mama’s large and manly body, Mama’s dark skin, and how Mama acted like a strong man and she loves it a lots. It is a very simple hope from a mother to a daughter actually, but Dee definitely couldn’t make it at all. Dee just come back home after a long time since the last time she came with her more arrogant style towards her own family. She even greet Mama with the strange greetings language â€Å"Wa-su-zo Tean-o,†, which actually an African language.She comes to home with a strange boy who she introduced to Mama as her boyfriend. Her lofty style towards Mama, and how she threats Mama and Maggie bad, as she’s much better on any points than both of them are the result of what we get from studied on years. She’s just alienated herself and make her own arrogant cogitation about her life. Ironically Maggie who just never left home and having a traumatic problems because of she almost burned of fire at her home in the past. Her body just shuffled when she walks and her chin always bend down. She’s kind of a very nervous girl and just taking anything given to her.She’s very unconfindent with her lack of education and very suffered of her serious shyness towards society out there. Eventhough Mama always says to her that someday she will marry John Thomas and sooner after then will gain her self confident and could be a stronger woman. We can see the ironic contradiction between those two siblings and how education and the lack of it could give them dangerous impact s to their each other life. Final Semester Take Home Test : Everyday Use Auliya Atika F. The race issue also coloring this story in some aspects.Alice Walker itself actually is African-American and like to mold the topic about race on her works. The stories in the collection book where this short stories published is taking the setting place around Walker’s home where contains of cultural mixing between the modern New York City and the East Africa Nation Uganda (Sparknotes). And also the characters in this story possibly reflected the author’s family. Walker is the youngest child of eight children in her family. Shes growing up during 1960’s-1970’s, and during that time she must to do a lot of work in her young age.Woman in this era still expected to do the house works stuff, such cooked, cleaned the house, etc. But it is actually is quite different with this story, because Mama ever tell about how she is doing some works which man used to do it, and in t he actual African-American tradition, it is not suitable for woman who doing the man’s work: I am a large, big-boned woman with rough, man-working hands. . . . I wear flannel nightgowns to bed and overalls during the day. I can kill a hog as mercilessly as a man. My fat keeps me hot in zero weather.I can work outside all day, breaking ice to get water for washing; I can eat pork liver cooked over the open fire minutes after it comes steaming from the hog. One winter I knocked a bull calf straight in the brain between the eyes with a sledge hammer and had the meat hung up to chill before nightfall. (page 1). We can observe the racism elements in this story firstly through Mama’s character. How she described her own appearance and and her life background and also how people think of her: â€Å"Who ever knew a Johnson with a quick tongue? Who can even imagine me looking a strange white man in the eye? (page 2). Another point which indicate the race element in this story is how Mama is comparing the skin color between she and her daughters: â€Å"Dee is lighter than Maggie, with nicer hair and a fuller figure. † (page 2). The African traditional culture in this stories also could be seen in the last part which Mama is arguing with Dee concerning the quilts, as their family heritage. Dee is really wanting the quilts, but Mama keep insistent to grant the grandmother’s command to give them to Maggie, it is a culture or that she keeps Final Semester Take Home Test : Everyday Use Auliya Atika F. n and don’t want to break it: â€Å"I†¦snatched the quilts out of Miss Wangero’s hands and dumped them into Maggie’s lap†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (page 9). The quilts itself used to wear and as a piece of uniforms that Dee’s grandfather wore during the civil war, it could be a symbolizes about Black-American suffering experiences. We could also observe the race issue through Dee’s character. The change of Dee’s n ame into an African name â€Å"Wangero Leewanika Kemanjo† actually because she wants to protest being named after the people who have oppressed her: â€Å"I couldn’t bear it any longer, being named after the people who oppress me† (Page 4)..By changing her name, she seemed doesn’t want to be associated with her family’s culture and she feels freedom after her name have changed. And although her new name is African name, but she doesn’t related it at all into her family. After being a more educational and smart woman who studied until the high level, Dee even felt ashamed with her family reality life: â€Å"She wrote me once that no matter where we â€Å"choose† to live, she will manage to come see us. But she will never bring her friends. † (page 3). She is even unaware to comprehend herself to learn making quilts, a traditional heritage from her family.She just looked the quilts through the material value, not from heritage va lue. Heritage or generation, it is not a symbolize of her family traditions, she just wear it without any meaning at all. Dee’s view on the value of family culture and tradition value seemed very contrast with Mama and her sister, Maggie. Mama and Maggie think that traditions are something eternal and no longer definited as an â€Å"Everyday Use†, it is always planted in their heart and mind as an admiration to their ancestors who have built these traditions since a very long time ago.As in the beginning of the story, Mama as a narrator proudly introduced herself as a strong African-American woman. Obviously we can conclude that the both issues I discuss this time is very related to each other in this story. The first is the educational issue that happened among the main characters, Mama and Maggie with Dee. Mama and Maggie who forced to give up their school since the beginner grade is very contrary with Dee who could continue her study until the high level, college. B ut the high education that Dee could Final Semester Take Home Test : Everyday UseAuliya Atika F. reach apparently couldn’t shape her become into a polite woman and a good children. She’s become arrogant with her high intellectual level, she unaware with her family cultural and traditions and even more underestimate her mother. And although Mama and Maggie are low in educational, but they have a highly appreciation to their own culture and tradition. So, the second issue which is about race could joint to the previous issue, the educational issue. Alice Walker is very famous to drop the race issue in her mostly works.In this story the race issues could we find out through the characteristics of especially Mama and Dee. Dee who have been in the year of college, but her appreciation to their family tradition is become weaker and make her be arrogant and underestimating her own family. Her intellect maybe has been killed her respect. So the education couldn’t determ ine someone become also better in her mindset and behavior. Works Cited Walker, Alice. Love and Trouble: Stories of Black Woman: Everyday Use. 1973 Klarer, Mario. An Introduction to Literary Studies (Second Edition). (London: Routledge, 2004) 103-115. www. wikipedia. org/Everyday_Use